Collecting Social Security while working

For people who want to work while collecting Social Security, the “retirement earnings test” (RET) rules can be confusing. Some people think they’ll lose out on benefits if they continue to work, but that’s not true.

Most importantly, RET rules only apply if you work and receive Social Security benefits before reaching full retirement age. Any income you earn after reaching full retirement age does not affect your benefit.

If you are under full retirement age, you’ll see a $1 deduction in benefits for every $2 in gross wages or net self-employment income above the annual exempt amount ($18,960 in 2021).

That might seem like a big penalty, but you don’t really lose those deductions. Instead, your Social Security benefits will be recalculated when you reach full retirement age to account for the previous withholding.

For example, if your deductions, added up, equal six months of lost benefits, Social Security will basically reset as if you filed six months later than you actually did. In the year you retire, a monthly limit (instead of annual) will apply. That limit is $1,580 per month in 2021 unless you are self-employed, in which case different calculations apply.

One critical note: If you are working, you need to notify the Social Security Administration (SSA) if your wages will exceed the annual exemption amount. If you don’t, and you receive excess benefits, you could be fined, required to return the excess, or receive lower future payments.

Similarly, if you update your expected income and the SSA determines your earnings are on pace to exceed the annual exemption, you may see a temporary stoppage of benefits. For example, if your monthly benefit is $1,800, and the SSA determines your annual benefits will need to be reduced by $3,600, you could go two full months without payment before they resume.

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